Attitudes without Monsters: A Japanese Perspective
نویسندگان
چکیده
The semantics of attitude verbs (believe, deny, etc.) and indirect discourse verbs (say, state, etc.) has long been an important topic for philosophy of language and natural language semantics. The point made by Frege (1892) remains valid to this day, which is that an attitude verb creates an intensional context in that the semantic contribution made by its sentential complement cannot be its denotation (i.e., a truth value). Nevertheless, It is not easy to pinpoint precisely the semantic contribution of the complement clause. Let us first consider several different ways of formalizing the semantics of attitude verbs. The truth conditions for (1) could be formalized in various ways as shown in (2a-d). Throughout this paper, w0 and t0 represent the actual world and the utterance time, respectively.
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